Walled compounds were home to large, powerful social groups. Residents shared many cultural practices and traditions. Residents’ domestic practices at Khonkho Wankane and Kk’araña, Tiwanaku provide data on the social groups that formed the communities at each site. These centers and their communities were larger and qualitatively different than anything prior, but little is known about their builders, residents, and visitors. During the Late Formative, the southern Lake Titicaca Basin was dotted with ceremonial centers with earthen mounds, sunken temples, carved monoliths, and residences. This perspective outlines general processes of social change, while detailed genealogies of practices are necessary to document specific historical trajectories. This dissertation follows a perspective of emergent practice, which locates the cause and production of social change in practices, traditions, and interactions, from which social groups and institutions emerge. Traditional state origins models do not adequately explain the preceding centuries, when there was an unprecedented historical rupture in social organization. This state shares many characteristics with other early states, but the process of its formation was distinct. 500 in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin, at Tiwanaku. The emergence of first generation states is among anthropology’s most enduring points of research.
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